Albanese is, of course, quite right in suggesting the management of the vaccination program has been poor, right from the time, more than a year ago, when the government and the health bureaucracy took a bet on which vaccine would be quickest, cheapest and most effective, and spurned some of the available opportunities to spread the risk. A lack of frankness with voters about shortness of supplies, and a very silly decision to depend on contractors rather than the established public and private health system compounded the disaster, with Australia an embarrassing last among first-world countries in vaccination rates.

In the past few weeks, however, the outlook has improved. Belatedly, the government will soon have access to adequate supplies with which to manage an orderly program of vaccination roughly according to need. Second, the government has brought some political insulation by handing over to military officers the management of the logistics task - of getting vaccines to doctors, health centres and other places so the coverage can start to improve. Even if this does not have an immediate effect on coverage - and the evidence suggests that this and improved supplies mean it is finally starting to happen - it is far harder for the opposition to criticise soldiers and sailors than it is for it to criticise ministers and bureaucrats. That's as Morrison intended when, recently, he finally began to address his misjudgements over distribution, including the all-too-confident predictions about how quickly, efficiently and effectively the rollout would go.

The issue may remain alive if Morrison were to go to an election this year, because the rollout will not be completed before Christmas, and even then may have significant backlogs. Government mistakes and mismanagement of the program will rankle as long as the greater proportion of the population remains unvaccinated, particularly as it brings in its train continuing problems of local and international quarantine, population movement, the re-opening of airline travel, and occasional lockdowns. Widespread coverage will by no means solve all of these problems, but will make addressing them easier. It should also reduce continuing problems with the management of quarantine, including the use of lockdowns - the other problem which, according to Albanese, bedevils the government.

Labor is fond of pointing out that the Constitution gives the Commonwealth, rather than the states, primacy over matters of quarantine. If it wanted (and if it was prepared to pay the bill) the Commonwealth could occupy the entire quarantine field, running from measures to prevent the entry into Australia of any person, animal or thing capable of spreading contagion, to the local management of any epidemics - human or animal - including by bans on travel and movement, and the organisation and delivery of any treatment, vaccines, or systems of containment. The Commonwealth could also commandeer public and private hospitals and health workers, as well as the military, state and territorial police, and private resources to do whatever it wanted or needed, or thought it needed. It could entirely freeze out the states. If it wanted, it could probably also freeze out - or control - private health resources, such as the ordinary general practitioner system, as well as a lot of generally accepted principles of individual choice. At least until the need for quarantine had abated.

I anticipate that some constitutional smarties will point out that a placitum in Section 51 of the Constitution seems explicit in rejecting any form of civil conscription of doctors, dentists, or, probably, other healthcare workers. Yes, that prevails in relation to ordinary and routine health services but no more limits the quarantine power than it limits the power of the government to conscript or coerce doctors or health workers in a defence emergency.

That the Commonwealth could do such things does not mean that it must do such things, or that it cannot organise for such things to be done (arguably its duty if there is an epidemic) by cooperative arrangements with the states, private sector providers, or through the ordinary public and private health networks. If the Commonwealth chooses to occupy the whole field - as it does, for example with its power to control "currency, coinage, and legal tender" - other entities have no right to play. It can equally decide to share its power, and it can authorise the states - whether from their own powers or as agents of the Commonwealth - to do whatever is necessary from their point of view.

It has always been thus. State health networks managed the Spanish flu 100 years ago. The Commonwealth gave as much support as it could, including by restricting the entry of people into Australia, and by providing military resources to assist police and other people maintaining local exclusion areas. State health systems managed other outbreaks of epidemic disease - local and general - including outbreaks of measles, diphtheria and, in the 1950s and 1960s, polio. The Commonwealth, developing some public health capacity of its own after World War II, took a lead role with some programs, particularly over tuberculosis, but has never tried to shove the states or territories, or the ordinary health system out of the way.

Those allocating blame and praise should understand that government powers and duties are not confined to matters that could be said to be quarantine in action. Organising hotels, or other facilities, to hold people having, or potentially having coronavirus infections, involves quarantine, but, once an infectious disease is around (whether or not of foreign origin) all measures to combat it can be called quarantine. Whether that was a state or a federal responsibility was not a matter for constitutional interpretation, but a matter of reading the practical arrangements. (Likewise, with the practical management of the health of persons in aged care homes, though in this case, it seems, the Commonwealth did take practical day-to-day responsibility.)

When (it is not a matter of if) foot and mouth disease enters Australia, requiring sheep and cattle herds to be destroyed where it breaks out, I shall blame the Commonwealth. Most likely the disease will come from infected pigs in Papua New Guinea. There may well be widespread panic - as with the last outbreak in Britain, and government, having negligently left the stable door open, will move heaven and earth to contain and limit the epidemic among cloven hoofed animals. Commonwealth constitutional powers over animal or vegetable quarantine are wider than over human epidemics. (One can order that stock be killed, but not, I think, humans). One can be confident that it will be mostly state or territory veterinarians, and agricultural officials who will be ordering the destruction of flocks, the setting of containment lines, and organising any mass movement of stock.

There's plenty to criticise, but a lot to be relieved about. Our death rate has been amazingly low.

MORE WATERFORD:

Some of the Commonwealth's successes in managing the COVID-19 pandemic come from good planning by both federal and state officials, particularly after frights from SARS, MARS and fears of transmission of bird flu over the past few decades. Officials, particularly under the leadership of Jane Halton when she was Secretary of the Commonwealth Health Department had war-gamed outbreaks, rehearsed responses and found out - sometimes anew - what had to be done and with what resources. Halton and others extended their expertise by closely studying the challenges that had been presented by other epidemics in other places. We were not expecting COVID-19 as such, but we were expecting something like it and were not caught unprepared. Our politicians - state and federal - and our bureaucrats - may have occasionally mismanaged things, or brawled about local versus federal factors. History - perhaps voters at the next election - will judge the performance of various players. But they have generally followed the broad scripts, never succumbed to the paralysis, defeatism or superstition of some other countries, and, mostly, learnt from their mistakes.

One can argue that critical errors by Commonwealth politicians and some bureaucrats delayed the rollout, and exposed citizens to needless danger that would have been averted had supplies been adequate from the beginning. Among the consequences have been extra lockdowns, prolonged local and international isolation, and an economic recovery which might not have been as strong as it could have been. By March next year, most of this should be ancient history, and the population may well be so relieved that the pandemic is largely past them that they will be looking forward, not backwards. They may also become impatient with niggling inquests. The wave - the future - is the one that Albanese should be wanting to surf. One can be certain that this is where Morrison will be.

This time a year ago, I was arguing Morrison would be judged at the next election not by his success in managing the pandemic, but by his success in reviving the economy. I think it is largely his fault that he is now about six months behind schedule in leading Australia out of the pandemic, and that this has reduced his political opportunities. Had he done as well as, say, Israel or Spain in organising vaccines - and he could have - he could be thinking of an election towards the end of this year. It looks as if he must now look to the first half of next year.

But that's not to say that the state of the economy is not working his way, and right now. There are still pockets of unemployment, and regional dislocations because of the pandemic. But the economy is now bigger than it was before the pandemic, unemployment is down and even in local economies which suffered more than most from lockdowns and lockups, business and consumer confidence is high, and interest rates continue to be low. It is impossible to predict the impact on Australia of the heightened hostilities we seem determined on having, but unless there is a big fall in iron-ore demand, it appears Australia has weathered most of the Chinese embargoes. "Free trade" with Britain will have almost no impact on that, but Australia is well poised to jump on any extra buses caused by rising world growth.

If Albanese allows the next election to be about the economic outlook, he will lose, and probably badly. If he allows the election to be a mere rehearsal of settled Labor policy contrasted with Morrison's general optimism about the future, he will lose, and in the same manner, and for many of the same reasons that Bill Shorten lost an almost unlosable election two years ago. Labor, indeed, may be even more vulnerable this time to attack for the forked tongue with which it speaks to different sets of voters about climate change, about the future of coal, and about the future of blue-collar jobs. Even where skilled Labor campaigning could achieve some cut-through - for example with social housing programs and cutting the price of access to the housing market for young couples, Labor remains vulnerable to coalition scare campaigns suggesting that house prices - for those already settled - will fall or face additional tax. It's traditional wisdom that Labor can't win elections when the economy is the issue; it ought to be equally traditional wisdom that voters will chose Labor only in crisis, or where they trust the Labor leadership's instincts.

But Labor need not be glum, if only because of the government's own goals and vulnerabilities. Morrison and Josh Frydenberg have spent billions fostering an economic recovery. In doing so, they junked 50 years of neoliberal ideology on debt and deficits. Yet their ideological prejudices prevented a focusing of spending on new jobs for a new century. Most of the subsidies went to old jobs and declining industries. Some opportunities, particularly about reskilling the workforce, improving the quality of education, and reforming health care and better integrating it with aged care, childcare, disability services and hospital reinvestment, were consciously avoided. Ideology made government give almost all new spending to the private sector, with continuing restraints on the public sector. At the same time, corrupted government ideas about log-rolling, rorting, looking after cronies and party donors have deformed proper public administration and accountability for proper spending. Morrison is not so vulnerable to nit-picking, point-scoring on particular programs, or shouts of triumphs as yet another silly idea gets traction. It should have a general critique of how Morrison has been taking the public for granted. It's a pattern that is accentuated by Morrison's personality, resistance to accountability, chronic secretiveness, and refusal to admit fault.

If Morrison is almost compulsive in refusing to describe his vision for a better (and less polluting) Australia, Albanese must fill the void. Not by mere announcements, and ever-expanding promises, but by locating what he does promise, and what he does say, within the framework of a vision of a new economy, a new sense of citizenship and a new understanding of what Australian society, the Australian economy, and our place in the world could do for local communities, the nation as a whole and for our neighbours. It's not a matter of a slick new speechwriter - Albanese's gruff doggedness would do if he could get the content right. It's not a matter of marketing and empty slogans - it should be a retreat from too much of that. If Albanese cannot persuade the electorate that he is a better and more decent man than Morrison, he deserves to lose.